What is ABAP?

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a fourth-generation programming language used for the SAP R/3 system, aiming at application development.

Unlike directly running on an operating system, ABAP requires a set of programs to load inputs, interpret outputs, and cache data.

R/3 – Three-Tier Architecture

  • Database Server
  • Application Server
  • Presentation Server
  • The application server includes software components that can run within the SAP core and execute ABAP/4 programs. The ABAP Workbench serves as the development environment for the SAP R/3 system, fully integrating development tools with the data dictionary and programming language.

ABAP/4 Program Types

Executable Programs: Representing I program types and expressed with the ‘Report’ keyword.


INCLUDE Program: Representing I program types and expressed with the ‘INCLUDE’ keyword.


Module Pool/Dialogue Programs: Representing M type programs and expressed with the ‘PROGRAM’ keyword.


Sub-Routine Pool: Representing S type programs and expressed with the ‘PROGRAM’ keyword.


Interface Pool: Representing J program type and expressed with the ‘INTERFACE-POOL’ keyword.


Class Pool: Representing K program type and expressed with the ‘CLASS-POOL’ keyword.


Function Group: Representing F program type and expressed with the ‘FUNCTION-POOL’ keyword.


Type Group: Represents programs expressed with the ‘TYPE-POOL’ keyword.